ACNE: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT How do dermatologists diagnose acne? To diagnose acne, a dermatologist will first examine your skin to make sure you have acne. Other skin conditions can look like acne. If you have acne, the dermatologist will: Grade the acne. Grade 1 is mild acne. Grade 4 is severe acne. Note what type, or types, of acne appear on your skin. How do dermatologists treat acne? Today, there are many effective acne treatments. This does not mean that every acne treatment works for everyone who has acne. But it does mean that virtually every case of acne can be controlled. People who have mild acne have a few blemishes. They may have whiteheads, blackheads, papules, and/or pustules (aka pimples). Many people can treat mild acne with products that you can buy without a prescription. A product containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid often clears the skin. This does not mean that the acne will clear overnight. Despite the claims, acne treatment does not work overnight. At-home treatment requires 4-8 weeks to see improvement. Once acne clears, you must continue to treat the skin to prevent breakouts. When to see a dermatologist If you have a lot of acne, cysts, or nodules, a medicine that you can buy without a prescription may not work. If you want to see clearer skin, you should see a dermatologist. Dermatologists offer the following types of treatment: Acne treatment that you apply to the skin: Most acne treatments are applied to the skin. Your dermatologist may call this topical treatment. There are many topical acne treatments. Some topicals help kill the bacteria. Others work on reducing the oil. The topical medicine may contain a retinoid, prescription-strength benzoyl peroxide, antibiotic, or even salicylic acid. Your dermatologist will determine what you need. Acne treatment that works throughout the body: Medicine that works throughout the body may be necessary when you have red, swollen types of acne. This type of treatment is usually necessary to treat acne cysts and nodules. Your dermatologist may prescribe one or more of these: Antibiotics (helps to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation). Birth control pills and other medicine that works on hormones (can be helpful for women). Isotretinoin (the only treatment that works on all that causes acne). Procedures that treat acne: Your dermatologist may treat your acne with a procedure that can be performed during an office visit. These treatments include: Lasers and other light therapies: These devices reduce the p. acnes bacteria. Your dermatologist can determine whether this type of treatment can be helpful. Chemical peels: You cannot buy the chemical peels that dermatologists use. Dermatologists use chemical peels to treat 2 types of acne — blackheads and papules. Acne removal: Your dermatologist may perform a procedure called “drainage and extraction” to remove a large acne cyst. This procedure helps when the cyst does not respond to medicine. It also helps ease the pain and the chance that the cyst will leave a scar. If you absolutely have to get rid of a cyst quickly, your dermatologist may inject the cyst with medicine. Outcome Waiting for acne to clear on its own can be frustrating. Without treatment, acne can cause permanent scars, low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. To avoid these possible outcomes, dermatologists recommend that people treat acne. When the skin clears, treatment should continue. Treatment prevents new breakouts. Your dermatologist can tell you when you no longer need to treat acne to prevent breakouts.

Athlete's foot: How to prevent

Despite the name, athlete’s foot can happen to anyone. It is a common fungal infection that most people get from walking barefoot in moist, public places like a swimming pool deck or locker room. Athlete’s foot can result in flaky skin, cracking, and itchiness on the soles of the foot and between the toes. To reduce the chance of catching athlete’s foot, dermatologists recommend that you take the following precautions: 1.Wear shower shoes, flip-flops, or sandals when walking around pools, gyms, shower or locker areas, and hotel rooms. The fungus that causes athlete’s foot may be on the floor. 2.Even when taking a shower in a gym, it is important to wear shower shoes or flip flops. Even if you have not gone barefoot in public areas, keep your feet dry. This fungus thrives in warm, moist areas such as the one created inside hot, sweaty shoes. 3.Wearing sandals or flip-flops helps when it’s hot outside. Shoes that are made from synthetic materials like plastic and rubber are more likely to cause sweating. 4.Wash your feet every day with soap and completely dry them after washing. Wear socks made of natural fabrics or fabrics that dry quickly or wick moisture away from the skin. Also, be sure to change your socks every day and more often when your socks get wet. 5.Alternate the shoes you wear each day, if possible, to ensure shoes are dry when they are put on. If you live with someone who has athlete’s foot, don’t share towels, linens, or shoes. Wear shoes in areas where infected feet have been. If your athlete’s foot is not improving or is worsening, you should make an appointment to see a board-certified dermatologist.

ACNE: OVERVIEW Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States. Although it's common, accurate information about acne can be scarce. This can make it difficult to get clearer skin. The information on this site can help you understand acne and how to successfully treat it. Why treat acne? Myths about acne are as common as the skin problem. One common myth is that you have to let acne run its course. Dermatologists know that letting acne runs its course is not always the best advice. Here's why: Without treatment, dark spots and permanent scars can appear on the skin as acne clears. Treating acne often boosts a person’s self-esteem. Many effective treatments are available. More women getting acne Not just teens have acne. A growing number of women have acne in their 30s, 40s, 50s, and beyond. Dermatologists are not sure why this is happening. But dermatologists understand that adult acne can be particularly frustrating. Images used with permission of the American Academy of Dermatology National Library of Dermatologic Teaching Slides.